2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Allie died of leukemia in 1946 when the family was in Maine.". Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. Holden's decision to write about a baseball glove, a subject Stradlater considers unacceptable, leads to their fight, which is one of the factors leading to all the subsequent events in the novel: "All of a sudden, I decided what I'd really do, I'd get the hell out of Pencey--right that same night and all. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? or signs to have multiple meanings or a large semantic field. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? "Mad about Children." Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 Then if he does it, he does it his way. The fact that he is having this conversation with Phoebe, a child who is anything but simple and innocent, reveals the oversimplification of his worldview. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. Its possible that Salingers character in this case, Holden- is expressed in his own works: some literary critics insist that the author is very controversial, and his novels are not simple. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. . flight weather turbulence forecast; best suv to lease under $500 a month; angels have paws grooming tallahassee; why is ruby red squirt discontinued. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. This passage, in which Holden explains why he loves the Museum of Natural History, is located in Chapter 16. Holden is terrified by the unpredictable challenges of the worldhe hates conflict, he is confused by Allie's senseless death, and he fears interaction with other people. Because people are unpredictable, they challenge Holden and force him to question his senses of self-confidence and self-worth. Selma is the Headmaster's daughter. These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. Jargon, like many examples of slang, may be used to exclude nongroup members from the conversation, but in general has the function of allowing its users to talk precisely about technical issues in a given field. This, the passage in which Holden reveals the source of the book's title, is perhaps the most famous in the book. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Thats all id do all day. Also read the answer onwhat does mark twain satirize in this excerpt from "the 1,000,000 bank-note"? Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. equivalence of form and shape. It doesnt include every instance when the hearer or reader has to supply missing information, but only those cases where grammatical structure itself points to an item or items that can fill the slot in question. In order to achieve the main goal and to study these important features of this theme the following specific objectives must be considered. The third reason presenting lexical difficulties in translation the difference in combinability. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. Or if they just flew away. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. P. Newmark calls them deceptive cognates, as their meanings are different and they can easily confuse the target text receptor. The second type of difficulty is distinguishing between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. It was started by trying to define the concept of translation based on significant theoreticians points of view but it had not been an easy task. The best one in it was The Secret Goldfish. And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. Salinger is now a recluse. Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. Historical Context Essay: Mental Health in the Mid-Twentieth Century, Literary Context Essay: Vernacular Language & The Catcher in the Rye. All three of these symbols have great significance in this book. From the investigated material can be concluded that in the well-known novel The Catcher in the Rye by Salinger can be single out the important features of the translation difficulties which are in a great number in this novel. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? In translation, both the source language and the target one are important. Inter-semiotic translation means substituting signs of one semiotic system by signs of a different semiotic system. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. //= $post_title He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. It is a memorable moment, because Holden clearly lacks such willingness in other aspects of his life. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html; http://www.scribd.com/doc/9711270/the-Catcher-in-the-Rye-1945-De-Veghe-in-Lanul-de-Secara-Jdsalinger. Please wait while we process your payment. It first appears in Chapter 16, when a kid Holden admires for walking in the street rather than on the sidewalk is singing the Robert Burns song Comin' Thro' the Rye. In Chapter 22, when Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life, he replies with his image, from the song, of a catcher in the rye. Holden imagines a field of rye perched high on a cliff, full of children romping and playing. Holden breaks down in tears, and his sister tries to console him. An important lexical pecularity single out in Salingers writing is the metaphor and in the same time which is one of the main stylistic device used in The Catcher in the Rye. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. $24.99 When Stradlater nonchalantly refuses to tell Holden any of the details, Holden attacks him, but Stradlater pins him to the floor and tries to get him to calm down. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. ; Young goats, their meat, or leather made from their hides. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. Sometimes it can end up there. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. Belonging doesnt just happen; it involves many factors and experiences. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. Very often these grammatical changes are mixed so that they have lexical-grammatical character. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? In much the same way arguments and explanations may be confused with each other, so too may explanations and justifications. Why does Ackley annoy Holden? Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. I mean not wait till Wednesday or anything. Collocations is the way in which particular ors tend to occur or belong together. Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. During a period was established that Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting Harold Brodkey (himself an O. Henry Award-winning author) to state in 1991: "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway." But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instancesfor example, when he talks about sex and admits that [s]ex is something I just don't understand. We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Along the way, he remembers in detail his school trips to the museum. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at [email protected]. Metaphor is transference of some quality from one object to another. It would be conclusive to say that critics of The Catcher in the Rye have legitimate criticisms of the novel, while advocates and supporters of the story's message also have expressed veritable praise. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. The reader wants to know not only what happened but how it all ended and what it all meant. Both the conversation and Mr. Antolini's head-rubbing serve a similar purpose: they upset Holden's view of the way things are or the way he believes they ought to be. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home too much of his subsequent work. Why does Holden wear the red hunting hat? This is a case of leaving something unsaid which is nevertheless understood. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. 125, No. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. Drugs, used so as to be inconspicuous, but euphemistic. They talk, argue, and then reconcile, and Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life. Lexical peculiarities comprise the following difficulties: difference in the semantic volume of a word because a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. Holden has isolated himself in an attempt to be his own savior, but Mr. Antolini's image of falling presents a more accurate image of what awaits Holden on the other side of the cliff. It thus reveals the weaknesses of Holden's romantic outlook. He used to be just a regular writer, when he was home. elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. Since there is never a good coincidence of meaning between phraseologisms, there is a very high risk of finding others that have different metaphors, a different meaning, and are not at all fit for specific cases. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in Its hopeless, anyway. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. http://www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us/catcher.html; http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html. While arguments attempt to show that something is, will be, or should be the case, explanations try to show why or how something is or will be. Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. CLXXXVIII, No. Therefore omission and supplementation are frequently combined with other types of grammatical transformations and more frequently with substitution of parts of speech. Ill just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy. The topic of the composition is to describe a room or a house; however, describing something meaningful only leads to . Once the idiom has been recognized and understood, the task is not yet finished: in the contrary, one could say that has just begun. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. Salinger, the other novelty was the big critic of the society that it represented. The following example point out that the writers style is so rich and full of different devices from which can be deduced the next translation difficulties which are find out from the novel during the process of analyzing the both variants of the novel English and Romanian: Related with the informal nature stated, it must also point out the absence of any type of logical structure in Holdens discourse. Generally speaking, the more difficult an expression is to understand and the less sense it makes in a given context, the more likely a translator will recognize it as an idiom. This term means a word that has the same or similar form in the source and target languages but another meaning in the target language. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him,who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead.One of the central Salinger uses symbolism from other books in his books to convey how the characters in his works will change for a better life. When Stradlater complained about the subject matter--"a goddam baseball glove"--Holden took it from him, tore it up and threw it in the trash. They represent the simple, idealistic, manageable vision of life that Holden wishes he could live. Throughout the novel, it becomes increasingly clear that Allies death was one of the most traumatic experiences of Holdens life and may play a major role in his current psychological breakdown. The second is represented by the analysis of a modernist novel written by J. D. Salinger The Cather in the Ray in which would be treated the points such as lexical pecularities and translation difficulties used by the author. Their meaning cannot be deduced from their components or any arrangement thereof, and must be learned as a whole. . If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. The only thing that would be different would be you. The presence of the hat, therefore, mirrors the central conflict in the book: Holden's need for isolation versus his need for companionship. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. It is important to be aware when an explanation isnota justification. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". Thus, an important conclusion and argument in favor of C. Ionescus translation is that the first version is full of examples that lead to the idea of the need for a second translation in Romanian, examples which may not have been obvious without such an analytical comparison. The translation process from one language into another is inevitable without necessary grammatical transformations (change of structure). We also see how alienated he feels. They are sometimes called dead metaphors. For example, Louis Menand said that the early stories of Pulitzer Prize- winner Philip Roth- were affected by J. D. Salinger. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. She's got the stuff. The difficulties involved in translating an idiom are totally different from those involved in interpreting it. Free trial is available to new customers only. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. It reveals potential expressiveness put in the lexical morphologic and syntactic means of a language. Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. This research paper consist of two chapters. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. Nobodys being different. Romanian translation has the tendency to skip certain short passages or expressions of the ST in order to adapt them to the TT and Romanian style presented examples in point. The main aim is to analyze J. D. Salingers literary fiction and his impact on Romanian readers as reflected by the translations of his literary creations into Romanian, mainly centering on his novel: The Catcher in the Rye. burlesque examples in catcher in the rye burlesque examples in catcher in the rye He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. can i write about composition?? An idiom in the source language may have a very close counter part in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning. It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. Rev. The pressure of adolescent sexualityan important theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye makes itself felt here for the first time: Holden's greatest worry is that Stradlater will make sexual advances toward Jane. In general, the main characters are usually misfits of society: they dont like their way of life; they use to start with their stories telling us their bad conditions, their problems with the society and life in general. Salinger. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room . Contact us Concerning the translation of comparison as a stylistic device, the difficulties arise only if the words of English and other languages are various in the semantic structure. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. The conversation in which Mr. Antolini speaks these words takes place in Chapter 24. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? Therefore, the point that the author is trying to make is that the presence of the hat, mirrors the major conflict of the book which is Holdens need for isolation versus his need for companionship. The author used the hyperbole which is deliberate overstatement or exaggeration and the aim of this hyperbole is to intensify the main features of the novel and to show its utter absurdity. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. in Davis 317), The Catcher in the Rye has been banned continually from schools, libraries, and bookstores due to its profanity, sexual subject matter, and rejection of some traditional American ideals. Question 3 60 seconds Q. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. Explanations are often used within arguments and presented so as to serveas arguments. Holden likes his writing and talks about how he likes his writing and he supports him. Wed love to have you back! . He also feels that it is his duty to protect others and himself from growing up. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. You can view our. Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. The ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring, thus symbolizing change that isn't permanent, but cyclical. If you do, you start missing everybody"? Such style elements also gave him the illusion of having, as it were, delivered his characters' destinies into their own keeping." But the impossibility of such a fantasy is the tragedy of Holden's situation: rather than face the challenges around him, he retreats to a fantasy world of his own making. Statements which are justifications of some action take the form of arguments. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in: it's the world of his catcher in the rye fantasy, a world where nothing ever changes, where everything is simple, understandable, and infinite. Read more about the setting of The Catcher in the Rye. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. Holden wouldn't stop talking about Jane and kept calling him a moron and insulting him Where did Holden go immediately after the fight? American Literature books summary. The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let go of his past nor of innocence. The most frequent types of difficulties arising from translation that can be proposed to assess in any translation are the following: The method of penalization of errors must be previously established, using clear criteria, and placing emphasis on the lack of coherence, especially regarding meaning and sense, whether it is due to faulty translation, missing items or the wrong application of lexical, semantic, grammatical, graphemic and/or cultural transfer. Renews March 10, 2023 What did Holden write a composition about? Stradlater then becomes worried that he has hurt Holden and will get into trouble. This is not possible. First and foremost, Stradlater strikes Holden as a "hotshot," which in his lexicon is another word for "phony.". Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness.

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