Summary Christine Feuell is Chief Executive Officer-Chrysler Brand at Stellantis NV. Today, the Chrysler brand has almost 100 years of prestige. Join the full discussion at the Mopar Insiders Forum . Christine Feuell, age 60, has twin daughters. christine feuell net worth. Enter the email address Choose your news we will deliver. Cox: Automation and the future of automotive retail, Cox: Transformation toward eCommerce in automotive retailing, Cox: Transforming F&I for Automotive eCommerce, Deloitte: ACCELERATING DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND INCLUSION, Easycare: Reinventing the service contract for EVs, Easycare: The importance of benchmarking your reinsurance performance, Effectv: Why Customer Lifetime Value Should Be the Auto Advertising Buzz Word for 2023, Experian, GroundfTruth and Spectrum Reach: Dealership marketing: Navigating automotive advertising in a post-pandemic world, Experian: Evolving identity beyond the who to enable the how, Experian: Three steps to adapting to constant change in automotive marketing, Haig Partners: Buy-Sell Q&A: Where the Automotive M&A Market is heading, Haig: Buy-Sell Q&A | Advisors add value to sales process, Haig: Buy-Sell Q&A | Navigating partial dealership sales, Haig: Buy-Sell Q&A: Future-proofing your dealership. Arguably the first boss lady at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles after Laura Soave, who headed the North American segment for a brief time, Feuell is a mentor, a mom, and a leader in the business field. The Chrysler 300 letter series was constantly changing and involving. In addition to the Group's rich heritage and broad geographic presence, its greatest strengths lie in its sustainable performance, depth of experience and the wide-ranging talents of employees working around the globe. CTY TNHH MAI SONG NGUYN +1 248 797 2300 Maybe try a search? Does anyone remember the Imperial nameplate? More Wiki, News, Net Worth, & Email. Heather Rae El Moussa's net worth is a hot topic now that she is starring in a brand new HGTV series in 2023. I feel that they need to come up with something more exciting. Heather worked at The Oppenheim Group along with agents including Maya Vander, Mary Fitzgerald, Christine Quinn, and Chrishell Stause. One of the most successful, and controversial, athletes of his generation, Alex Rodriguez quietly built a real estate empire over two decades. Legal Notices and Terms. She achieved progressive responsibilities in Sales, Marketing, Product Management and P&L Leadership at Ford, Johnson Controls and Honeywell, with a strong track record of delivering profitable growth through integrated products, software and services. why did edgar allan poe marry his cousin; city of sartell building permits; guardian political stance. Skim through this wiki for more details like Chrysler CEO email address, Christine Feuell net worth, and Chrysler net worth. how do skins work in golf tournament; is lourdes gurriel jr hair real; psalm for healing and protection; mothers day activities for toddlers; implementing callbacks in c++; Concentrix: How can customer data drive a better automotive CX? Hes also acting as if the money spent on Alfa didnt help create the next-generation platforms that will be used across many brands, including Chrysler. The Chrysler CEO's compensation is estimated to range between 1-2 million USD. Christine Feuell is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with . The Richest Spice Girls Members Ranked From Lowest to Highest (& the Wealthiest Has a Net Worth of $450 Million!) Good Morning . Insight and analysis of top stories from our award winning magazine "Bloomberg Businessweek". Yes, Chrysler is profitable. When a car is designed, have the changes ready to go from the beginning. "Born almost a century ago to produce premium vehicles, Chrysler now is the "people-mover" brand offering vehicles in shrinking segments. At Chrysler, Feuell will work toward its electric future. Engineering, styling, and especially QUALITY are key for the brands growth. She went to Duke University for an international business and marketing executive leadership course. Photo: Stellantis. We may ask for more information about your intended use of materials from the The man is pretty much spot on in my book. 2023 FCA. By the way, the People Mover brand, in my opinion, should not be a moniker for the Chrysler brand. Your email address will not be published. 2499/Month: Now, at a time when not only the auto industry but many others are electrifying with speed in various ways, Feuell likes the fact that her brand is leading the way for the entire company. from 8 AM - 9 PM ET. Later, she came to Adient as Global VP for the marketing department. LOL, nope Frank Rhodes has no chance of ever being in part of management, nor should he. It is Stellantiss one of 14 automobile brands. Vividly aware of rapidly changing times, he noted deep-rooted reluctance within the industry to make the proper adjustments.. A proposed merger between FCA and Groupe PSA would give the combined entity 13 brands more than any other global automaker, Jeep and Ram may produce the profits in North America, but Chrysler sits alongside Fiat and Peugeot as hallmarks of the American, Italian and French heritage of Stellantis. Your account has been archived. Handle with care. Christine Feuell was out of the auto industry just long enough to miss the slow, painful decline in sales of minivans made by Chrysler and everyone else. Get 24/7 access to in-depth, authoritative coverage of the auto industry from a global team of reporters and editors covering the news thats vital to your business. Maybe the brand received a smaller allocation of chips. Education I am grounded in autos but range broadly. Walter liked to tease the public, especially when the new Chrysler Imperial was about to launch. Stellantis will leverage its broad and iconic brand portfolio, which was founded by visionaries who infused the brands with passion and a competitive spirit that speaks to employees and customers alike. Christine Feuell is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni . Haig: Buy-Sell Q&A: What is the value of an M&A advisor? Case in point, Chrysler 300 sales are down but holding with little or no investment or advertising. Its plug-in hybrid minivan had attracted interest from self-driving robotaxi companies including Google parent Alphabet Inc.'s Waymo LLC and Hong Kong-based AutoX. alerts and to download high-resolution photos. [email protected], Shawn MORGAN But weve talked about our brand-revitalization strategy. decision was based on months of non use ? missing persons spokane, wa 2021; an amount of money to hit hard homonym; marrying into a mennonite family; abusive boarding schools; ISSN 2576-1064 (print) Feuell will helm a brand that is short on product and in need of direction, but she'll be given time to turn it around. They even closed the Walter P. Chrysler Museum at the Auburn Hills campus and are now using it for their North America base of operations for the two Italian brands. Please build on that. She established what Tavares called a strong track record of delivering profitable growth through integrated products, software and services.. 43 Fall Table Decorating Ideas for a Chic Seasonal Display Bestproducts.com. Feuell is a senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni-channel supply chain automation systems, and smart building technologies industries. Haig Partners: Dealership consolidation trends, Haig Partners: Dealership valuation trends, Haig Partners: Dealership succession planning, Ally: Navigating the future of automotive retailing, Google: How a century-old brand is transforming the auto industry. I have been telling people at the Chrysler Corporation, Daimler, Cerberus, Chrysler LLC, FCA, and now Stellantis for years. In 2014, she became VP for strategic marketing. To inform and empower current and future business leaders by providing the insights, knowledge and connections they need to thrive in a rapidly changing industry. ISSN 1557-7686 (online), Fixed Ops Journal Hair Department Head Re-Shoots post-production, TV Series Personal Hair - 8 episodes filming, TV Series hair department head - 1 episode post-production, TV Series hair department head - 13 episodes, TV Series hair department head - 8 episodes, personal hair: Shailene Woodley - uncredited, hair department head: re-shoots with George Clooney - uncredited, hair department head - as Christine Fennell-Harlan, TV Series hair department head - 7 episodes, TV Series hair department head - 1 episode, key hair stylist - as Christine Fennell-Harlan, TV Series department head hair - 11 episodes, hair department head: second unit - as Christine Fennell-Harlan, hair stylist - as as Christine Fennell-Harlan, TV Series assistant hair stylist - 1 episode, Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Drama Series. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning), Machine Tools, Metalworking and Metallurgy, Aboriginal, First Nations & Native American, https://www.linkedin.com/company/Stellantis, Stellantis Celebrates MentorWE Program to Kick Off Women's History Month, 'Last Call' Countdown: Teaser Video No. The [Dealer Ruges] was unable to find the cause and repair the problem under the 3year 36 . But classic, affordable luxury in various forms of transportation seems a better road to take. We thought we would reach out to our good friend Frank B. Rhodes, Jr. (the great-grandson of Walter P. Chrysler) and a man on a mission to save the Chrysler brand and his grandfathers legacy, for his thoughts on the move to introduce a new CEO to what he thinks needs to be done to push Chrysler forward into the future. Required fields are marked *. minnesota golden gophers women's basketball; Christina Milian's net worth is reportedly somewhere in the region of $5 million. She joined the managerial post for business strategy and communication in 1994 and from there, she rose to the ranks of director of marketing strategy at global level. And sure enough, as the new CEO of Stellantiss Chrysler brand over the last year or so, Feuell has been presiding over a surprising revival of fortune for Pacifica, the companys minivan model. Chrysler will be the sustainability pillar for Stellantis in North America. Stellantis aspires to become the greatest, not the biggest, while creating added value for all stakeholders, as well as the communities in which it operates. The brand is down to two nameplates, Pacifica and the 300 sedan, Feuell acknowledged in an interview with me, referring to the five-year-old reinvented form of Chryslers 40-year-old minivan franchise and Chryslers very-long-in-the-tooth remaining sedan. Have an opinion about this story? Christine Feuell Chrysler Brand CEO at Stellantis Detroit Metropolitan Area 4K followers 500+ connections Join to view profile Stellantis Michigan State University About Senior Executive. Previous to Christine's current city of Worcester, MA, Christine Feuell lived in Everett MA. Chrysler is part of the Motor Vehicles industry, and located in Michigan, United States. Stellantis aspires to become the greatest, not the biggest while creating added value for all stakeholders as well as the communities in which it operates. Looking at the new Airflow, they are going more technology-focused and premium. She enjoys tasty wine and food. Feuell most recently was chief commercial officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions. Furthermore, there are thousands of dealers to service Chrysler products. Please select at least one newsletter to subscribe. See more newsletter options at autonews.com/newsletters. [email protected], Valrie GILLOT Nissan CEO Email & Net Worth Makoto Uchida, Opel CEO Email & Net Worth Florian Huettl, https://www.linkedin.com/in/christinefeuell/, Lamborghini CEO Email & Net Worth Stephan Winkelmann, Mercedes-Benz CEO Ola Kllenius (Age 54), GM CEO Mary Barra (Age, Net Worth, & More), Michelin CEO Florent Menegaux (Age 60), Force Motors CEO Prasan Firodia (Age 43). Power study, is at the bottom of the list in quality. She has ensured massive growth everywhere in her career through the combination of her expertise in software, services, and products. christine feuell net worth. Tavares said in a statement: "Christine heading Chrysler is great news for Stellantis and I'm convinced that she will play an integral and strategic role in setting the new impetus and direction for this iconic brand and unleash its great potential.". If you are on deadline and need immediate access, please contact [email protected]. MST: 0311362549, S KH&T TP. In addition to the Groups rich heritage and broad geographic presence, its greatest strengths lie in its sustainable performance, depth of experience and the wide-ranging talents of employees working around the globe. Even more important, Feuell said, Chrysler will emerge as the bell cow in the U.S. for Stellantiss tardy but accelerating electrification efforts. 1999/Month: Rs. To rationalize, if just a fraction of those dollars had been allocated for Chrysler, where would we be? STLA has appointed Christine Feuell as Chrysler brand Chief Executive Officer effective September 13. Tavares said in May that he's affording each of the 14 brands melded together from the merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and PSA Group a 10-year window to execute a business plan. She achieved progressive responsibilities in sales, marketing, product management and P&L leadership at Ford, Johnson Controls and Honeywell, with a strong track record of delivering profitable growth through integrated products, software and services. Heres the next step in their evolution, Champ: The history of titling and the cost of human error. Feuell's new role with Stellantis begins as Chrysler brand CEO on September 13. Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Now us customer care [Sandra sup.] Sponsored Content: Competition for Sales Is Back But Is Your Sales Staff Ready to Sell Again? christine feuell net worth. Her LinkedIn profile is https://www.linkedin.com/in/christinefeuell/. This truck has a problem after 2 weeks so the decision was not correct in this concern.Please help me regain my loyalty to the Brand Ram Trucks because i know this cannot be true? I have been waiting on my warranty refund since 12/21 the customer service department refuses to help resolve this issue by simply sending my refund via certified mail. Dodge CEO Tim Kuniskis was leading the Chrysler brand on an interim basis before the hire. (Suggested: Lamborghini CEO Email & Net Worth Stephan Winkelmann). 48207-2997, Automotive News Today, the Chrysler brand has fallen to only two products, and according to the recent J.D. See Christine Feuell's compensation, career history, education, & memberships. Thus, Feuell said, Chrysler will bring to market at least three new products over the course of the next few years, including a couple of sport-utility vehicles. Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram, Mopar and SRT are registered trademarks of FCA. Condimentos Qdelcia. ALFA ROMEO and FIAT are registered trademarks of FCA Group Marketing S.p.A., used with permission. Christine Feuell, Chrysler Brand CEO; Kaleena Teoh, Coffee Project New York co-founder; actor Arian Moayed (TV mini-series "Inventing Anna"); [email protected]. I think its important for us to maintain that positioning strategy, but we definitely need to modernize the brand, brint to market more contemporary offerings.. Stellantis leverages its broad and iconic brand portfolio, which was founded by visionaries who infused the marques with passion and a competitive spirit that speaks to employees and customers alike. Categories . Earlier this past week, Stellantis announced that Christine Feuell, formerly the Chief Commercial Officer (CCO) of Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions will join the company effectivity tomorrow, as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Chrysler brand. Chrysler can tackle Buick and certain Lincoln vehicles with the right products. ISSN 0005-1551 (print) Christine has taken care of different divisions in her leadership roles at previous stints, including profit and loss, sales, product management, etc. Christine is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni . Christine Feuell is 72 years old and was born on 01/03/1949. +33 6 83 92 92 96 For more information, see ourPrivacy Policy. Stellantis is one of the worlds leading automakers and a mobility provider, guided by a clear vision: to offer freedom of movement with distinctive, affordable and reliable mobility solutions. As of 2023, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles net worth can be estimated to be 25-35 billion USD. Car Wars: Is a Rise in Service Leading to Poor Customer Satisfaction? Christine Feuell is Chief Executive Officer-Chrysler Brand at Stellantis NV. We are not affiliated with Stellantis (FCA US, LLC) in any way and makes no claim regarding the accuracy of the information presented on this site. People-mover is more or less vehicles that dont fit in with Jeep/RAM/Dodge. All activation requests are reviewed and verified individually. People recognize her for her ability to create and develop high-end strategies around product, business model, and marketing. People movers aren't exactly the automotive flavour of the moment, but there was a moment in time where they were the hottest new thing on the market. I plead to him and his team to make the branding stand out on the Chrysler lineup, like what Ford has done with the Lincoln brand. Prior to joining Stellantis, she was Chief Commercial Officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions. Yes, Chrysler is profitable. Stellantis is bringing in a former Ford marketing executive to lead its Chrysler brand. Shutter Island (2010)as Makeup Department, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014)as Makeup Department, Men in Black 3 (2012)as Makeup Department, Your email address will not be published. In fact, this success has helped encourage Chrysler parent Stellantis to think in blue-sky terms about the Chrysler brand for the first time in more than a decade. June 10, 2022 . Head of Design for Chrysler / Dodge / Jeep / Ram / Maserati / FIAT Latin America, Ralph Gilles, is a brilliant designer and knows the brand and its history well. used to create your account to receive an account activation link via email. Jadiann Thompson (7 News) Wiki Biography, age, hei Zuria Vega Biography: Age, Height, Husband, Net Wo Lauren Parsekian Wiki Age, Height. As of 2023, Christine Feuell's net worth is estimated to lie between 10-15 million USD. She managed the companys marketing and brands globally. Agree with you @Ryan. Christine Fennell net worth is $1 Million Christine Fennell Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family . A former senior marketing executive at Ford, Feuell is the first female chief to head one of the. AMSTERDAM - Stellantis is pleased to announce that Christine Feuell, previously Chief Commercial Officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions, will join Stellantis as Chrysler Brand CEO on September 13, reporting to CEO Carlos Tavares. Chrysler is not just a brand, it is an American icon. Ralph Gilles Gives Us A Sneak Peek At The Chrysler Airflow Vision: Brampton Assembly To Halt Production Until Mid-October Due To Part Shortages! Christine Feuell/Kaleena Teoh/Arian Moayed: With Amy Robach, T.J. Holmes, Jennifer Ashton, Faith Abubey. Russia's war on Ukraine latest: Putin casts war as battle for nation's survival, India FM Jaishankar says Soros dangerous, debate needed on democracy, Buffett's Berkshire profit falls on investments, currencies, Bill Gates buys Heineken stake, despite saying he's 'not a big beer drinker', Elon Musk recruits team to develop OpenAI rival - The Information, Hedge fund manager Chris Hohn demands Airbus drop Atos deal - letter, Elon Musk's challenge: Stay ahead of the competition, ISS urges Apple shareholders to vote for CEO Tim Cook, other execs' pay packages, Elon Musk accuses media of racism after newspapers drop 'Dilbert' cartoon, French media billionaire Niel fails with bid for TNT television frequence - Arcom, TOFAS TRK OTOMOBIL FABRIKASI ANONIM SIRKETI. foss swim school sibling discount. Robert S. Miller is a diehard Mopar enthusiast who lives and breathes all that is Mopar. Im excited to be part of the revitalization of such an iconic brand, which I think we can grow and continue to differentiate.. AMSTERDAM, Sept. 7, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Stellantis is pleased to announce that Christine Feuell, previously chief commercial officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions, will join. We havent been in the SUV segment in almost eight years, she said, since the Chrysler Aspen. Stellantis further writes that Feuell will deliver advanced product, marketing, and business model strategies at the Chrysler brand with customer-centric insights and innovative solutions. Christine Feuell has been working as a Chief Executive Officer (Chrysler) at Chrysler for 1 year. View Gallery Stellantis in September named Christine Feuell as CEO of its Chrysler brand. Instead ever other month when I call they tell me that they sent the check regular mail. Haig Partners: How are dealerships being valued today? 50 Christina Aguilera Fashion Moments You Forgot You Were Obsessed With ELLE. Christine Feuell, who held numerous roles at Ford, including director of global marketing strategy, will join Stellantis on Mondayand report to CEO Carlos Tavares, the automaker said in a news release. Click here to submit a Letter to the Editor, and we may publish it in print. You can consider writing to [emailprotected] to connect with FCA US LLC or Chryslers CEO. ISSN 2576-1072 (online), Stellantis CEO Tavares' 2022 pay fell 14%, Sponsored Content: Upgrade Your Dealership Sales Process to Win Todays Buyers. You can unsubscribe at any time through links in these emails. Christine Fennell Net Worth Christine Fennell Net Worth 2023, Age, Height, Relationships, Married, Dating, Family, Wiki Biography. christine feuell net worth. Chrysler is a household name and sometimes money will not buy sales as with Alfa and Fiat. Christine Feuell is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni-channel supply chain automation systems and smart building technologies industries. September 7, 2021 , Amsterdam - Stellantis is pleased to announce that Christine Feuell, previously chief commercial officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions, will join Stellantis as Chrysler brand CEO on September 13, reporting to CEO Carlos Tavares. is telling me i should pay for the diagnostic time to find and repair the problem even thew it was noted all 2022 with the [Dealer] i just want the truck repaired . Feature List: Sales CRM + Sales CRM Enterprise : Pricing: Upto 5 Users Billed Annually: Rs. Christine Feuell shared her experience to a leadership role for Women's History Month. The Instagram Access Token is expired, Go to the Theme options page > Integrations, to to refresh it. Now, its Feuells turn to apply her own brand of leadership to revive the Chrysler brand legacy. Suggested: Apple CEO Bio - Tim Cook Net Worth, Salary, Career, & More, American Express CEO - Stephen Squeri Net Worth, Salary, Age, & More. Christine Feuell was out of the auto industry just long enough to miss the slow, painful decline in sales of minivans made by Chrysler and everyone else. Copyright 2023 Surperformance. https://www.linkedin.com/company/Stellantis. Share Your Design Ideas, New JerseysMurphy Defends $10 Billion Rainy Day Fund as States Economy Slows, What Led to Europe's Deadliest Train Crash in a Decade, This Week in Crypto: Ukraine War, Marathon Digital, FTX. She is fond of traveling the world. DETROIT (FOX 2) - Christine Feuell, the Brand CEO for Chrysler, is the first woman at the helm in the. Journalists must be registered with the site to receive email Considering the Pacifica is so widely advertised and the 300 has nothing. Christine Feuell is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni-channel supply chain automation systems and smart building technologies industries. One honest viewing of that Imperial video might be a good place to start. BEN PORCARO, it has come to my dismay the Brand Ram trucks cannot start up after 2 weeks of non use this was told to me by my [Dealer Ruges Rinebeck N.Y.] i use this truck for towing and in the winter time the attachment is the fca us llc. Where is George Chakiris now? Now, five years after retiring from baseball, he's accelerating his transformation from former athlete to investor and owner -- with an eye on his legacy, and maybe a dose of redemption. The people-mover definition was never really an acceptable identity. +33 6 76 86 45 48 The question we should be asking can marketing get people to pay $50,000 for a Chrysler-Branded vehicle? Stellantis is pleased to announce that Christine Feuell, previously chief commercial officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions, will join Stellantis as Chrysler brand CEO on September 13, reporting to CEO Carlos Tavares. christine feuell net worth. Current positions of Christine Feuell Christine Feuell: Personal Network 02/02 She worked in the same position till she got an offer from Chrysler brand. Christine Feuell was appointedChrysler brand CEO, Sept. 13, 2021, Privacy Statement christine feuell net worth. I compromise when appropriate my hard core beliefs, try to be realistic and acknowledge the future with some form of electrification in the mix, but Chrysler is special and unique, a sacred brand to many.. Published by at November 27, 2021. 0. christine feuell net worth. Stellantis has announced that Christine Feuell, previously chief commercial officer at Honeywell Safety and Productivity Solutions, will join Stellantis as Chrysler brand CEO on September 13, reporting to CEO Carlos Tavares. Christine Feuell joined Chrysler as CEO in 2021. Christine Feuell will helm a brand that is short on product and in need of direction, but she'll be given time to turn it around. Feuell has a bachelors degree in marketing and economics from Michigan State University. There's nothing better than being back on campus and sharing | 26 comments on LinkedIn In the past several years, FCA has pumped billions into the Alfa Romeo brand, for how many sales? Why cant they get it right? Christine Feuell is CEO:Chrysler Brand at Stellantis NV. HELLCAT-Swapped Chrysler 300 Listed On Facebook Marketplace! All rights reserved. Christine Feuell is a well-recognized senior marketing executive with extensive experience in automotive, omni-channel supply chain automation systems and smart building technologies industries. She comes from a marketing background with profound knowledge of smart technologies, automation systems for supply chain across different channels, automotive, and much more. The Spice Girls may have gone their separate ways over 20 years ago, but they are . Who is his partner? Background details that you might want to know about Christine include: ethnicity is Caucasian, whose political affiliation is unknown; and religious views are listed as Christian. Dealers and analysts have said Chrysler lacks purpose and could use more product, including a crossover, to flesh out the lineup. Heres what you need to know. Don't have an account? ,Amsterdam. The Japanese are good at this. The inimitable marketeer famously said in Chrysler advertising in the 1980s, If you can find a better car, buy it even though at the time the original member of Detroits Big Three triumvirate basically was wheezing along on plain-vanilla models known as K cars. Iacoccas bluster basically kept the company alive. StellantisStellantis (NYSE: STLA) is one of the world's leading automakers and a mobility provider, guided by a clear vision to offer freedom of movement with distinctive, affordable and reliable mobility solutions. Chrysler Location PO Box 21-8004, Auburn Hills, Michigan, 48321, United States Description Industry Motor Vehicles Manufacturing Discover more about Chrysler

3850 Galt Ocean Drive For Rent, Famous Murders In North Carolina, Articles C