. The inputs were effective, as the plane exited the stall and airflow over the wings stabilized, but now they were in a steep 40-degree dive, accelerating rapidly with the engines near full power. With theautopilotactive, Kudrinsky, against regulations, let the children sit at the controls. He turned his controls hard to the left, and the wings rolled level, pulling the plane out of its spiral. 310 pilot wife jamie. Never pay the full price, join the Saudi Coupon Codes group and get sales updates and discount codes in one place. Note: this accident was previously featured in episode 37 of the plane crash series on May 19th, 2018, prior to the series arrival on Medium. Well get out now! Throttles to idle! Piskaryov shouted, trying to reduce their speed. After this, the aircraft began to stall and automatically entered a dive to recover. This would have caused a change in the feedback forces on the control columns as the resistance put up by the autopilot abruptly vanished, but Eldar could not have been expected to notice, and Piskaryov probably thought the change in feedback was because of an input by Eldar. Identifiers. Aeroflot is the flag carrier & largest airline in Russia Admiral_Cloudberg 5 yr. ago As always, if you spot a mistake or a misleading statement, point me in the right direction and I'll fix it immediately. Tragically, investigators noted that after the first spin, when Kudrinsky had wrangled the plane into a 20-degree nose down position with 20 degrees of left bank, recovery would have been assured if he had simply let go of the controls. Normal flight may have resumed if Piskaryov had simply let go of the controls, but instead he continued to hold his control column all the way back to the stop. Seeing them there, anger melts into sadness. It had accumulated 22,154 flight hours and 24,976 flight cycles. Get out, Eldar, get out Get out, Eldar, get out, get out get out [gasping] get out Get out, I say! On their flight management displays, the pre-programmed navigation track had been replaced by a curving white line ahead of the aircraft symbol, circling back the way they came. The flight departed East Midlands at 9:38 local time in order to make a second attempt to land at the scheduled destination. When the MAK released its findings in November 1994, proving that children in the cockpit had caused the crash, the reputation of Aeroflot was severely damaged. No evidence of a technical malfunction was found. If anything, such visits helped imbue the love of aviation into successive generations, which was certainly what Kudrinsky was trying to do when he decided to show off the plane to his kids. Among these were free or deeply discounted tickets for pilots families, providing the wives and children of A310 crewmembers with a unique opportunity to see the world at a time when most Russians could not. Eldar was the first to notice a problem, when he observed that the plane wasbanking right. Gently! Piskaryov shouted. SpiceJet announces six flights to Bangkok from March 10. Transcript of the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), 2258 '''Eldar:''' Why's it turning?2259 '''Kudrinsky:''' Is it turning by itself?2260 '''Eldar:''' Yes it is2261 '''Kudrinsky:''' I don't know why it's turning2266 '''Eldar:''' Is it going off-course?2266 '''Makarov:''' Could it be some kind of zone2267 '''Piskaryov:''' We've gone into a zone, a holding pattern2268 '''Kudrinsky:''' Have we?2269 '''Piskaryov:''' Of course we have.2270 '''Makarov:''' Guys ..''The plane exceeds a 45-degree bank angle. Captain Danilov and. DNA: PM Modi's scathing attack on the opposition. Eldar followed through, letting his hands move with the control column as it turned to the right. In Russia, the 1990s are remembered as a time of hardship, instability, and tragedy, as the vision of opportunity which briefly flashed before the dying Soviet Union instead devolved into societal collapse. Whats the speed?. We understand that he became caught up in the moment, propelled forward by pride and excitement, slowly making more and more dangerous decisions amid a fog of complacency. Once the pilots regained control, they attempted to pull out of the dive. In the event, the lateral channel disconnected when the roll force on the control columns reached 1113 kilograms, and did so with no warning whatsoever. An Airbus A310-304 passenger plane, registered F-OGQS, was destroyed in an accident near Mezhduretshensk, Russia. Automation had been one of the Soviet aircraft design bureaus biggest blind spots, and in 1992 Russia had not yet produced a passenger jet which could be flown by fewer than three pilots, let alone anything approaching the level of automation on the A310. ''The g-forces slightly decrease, enough for Eldar to get out of the captain's seat. As a result, the roll rate rapidly accelerated, causing the plane to reach 90 degrees of bank in a matter of seconds. Weve reached an area, a holding area, Piskaryov agreed. The plane begins to descend at speeds of up to 1000 feet per second, causing the plane to almost reach break-up speed. Kudrinsky pumped the rudder back and forth, arresting the spin. The A310 was operating Aeroflot Flight 593 from Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong. Excited to be in the cockpit and awed by the vast array of computerized displays, the children were enthralled from the start. Eldar cautiously applied about 10 kilograms of force, turning the wheel three or four degrees to the left. Episode 121: Aeroflot Flight 593 October 6, 2022 Summary: Many children who fly for the first time have dreamed of meeting the pilots of their flight. Aeroflot Flight 593. On 23 March 1994, the aircraft operating the route, an Airbus A310-304 flown by Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines, crashed into a mountain range in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, killing all 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board. Today is Saturday, March 23, the 82nd day of 2019. Eldar Kudrinsky's control column inputs caused the flight computer to switch the plane's ailerons to manual control while maintaining control over the other flight systems and as a result, the aircraft banked right. Certainly few pilots are likely to repeat Kudrinskys mistakes the price he paid was unimaginable, and it is this empathy for his fate which allows us to forgive the seemingly unforgivable. Air Crash Investigations - S03 E10 - Kid in the Cockpit (Aeroflot Flight 593) #AirCrashInvestigations #FullEpisode. In response, the autopilot began to bank back the other way, slowly rolling through wings level. Although the organization is now known for verbose, detailed, and pointed reports, this was one of its first major investigations, and its skills were as yet untested. [1] [2] All 63 passengers and 12 crew perished in the accident. The Airbus A310 operating the flight had earlier arrived from London with several connecting passengers, but the second leg of the journey was lightly booked, with just 63 passengers on board, including numerous businessmen and several off-duty Aeroflot employees. And so at 00:43, he turned to his 12-year-old daughter and said, Come and sit here now, in my seat, would you like that?. The girls voice was faintly audible in the background, but only Kudrinskys side of the conversation could be understood. 1,124 posts. The reduced g-forces enabled Kudrinsky to re-take his seat. Although safety experts demanded more discipline from Russian pilots, there was no silver bullet which would instill it, and there never has been. Vehicle Accidents In that position, he couldnt even reach the rudder pedals, and probably couldnt push the control column more than a few degrees toward nose down either. Instead, Aeroflot went for something smaller: the Airbus A310, whose capacity for between 220 and 240 passengers made it arguably the smallest wide body airliner ever built (and it was without question the shortest). The Russian Airlines branding seems to have been even less permanent, and primary sources are often contradictory about the nature and even the name of the subdivision. The speed is high! Piskaryov exclaimed. On the 23rd March 1994, Aeroflot Flight 593 which was a A310-304 crashed into a hillside of the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, killing all 63 passengers as well as 12 crew members on board. Still banked between 80 and 90 degrees to the right, the plane began to fall into a spiral, its nose pitched down as much as 50 degrees. What Happened on the Flight? The speed! Piskaryov exclaimed. Flight data showed that Eldar alone was not responsible for the disconnection First Officer Piskaryov was holding onto his control column as well, presumably in order to react if Eldar made any sudden inputs. Aeroflot plane crash: 41 killed on Russian jet 6 May 2019 Passengers used emergency exit slides to escape Forty-one people died after a Russian plane made an emergency landing and burst into. Aeroflot had been left with long-haul international routes, which mostly could not be completed using Soviet-made aircraft unless they stopped for fuel mid-way. Nodistress callswere made prior to the crash. ago What a dumbass 7 XX-Burner 17 min. The right bank increased from six to fifteen degrees, then started to go back to the left as the plane rolled out on its intended heading. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrttTR8e8-4. The trouble aboard the flight began with relief Captain Kudrinskys decision to invite his children to the flight deck. For a few minutes, Kudrinsky explained various aspects of the plane and what made it special, but he had bigger ideas, too. Climb back out, Eldar. Kudrinsky finally returns to his seat, able to work with Piskaryov. On 23 March 1994, the aircraft operating the route, an Airbus A310-304 flown by Aeroflot, crashed into the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range in Kemerovo Oblast, killing all 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board. Aeroflotflt593.png 960 720; 475 KB Uses of Wikidata Infobox Uses of Wikidata Infobox with maps Pages with maps When Aeroflot was a pan-USSR airline and the biggest carrier in the world, the workhorse was the Tupolev 154. The plane, however, was stalling and entered into the corkscrew dive. Numerous Russian aviation officials gave statements to the media based on wild, unfounded speculation which strained the credulity of international observers. Investigators had largely held their tongue up until that point, but this was simply a step too far. But this time Eldar was out of the loop: instead of letting the control column turn beneath his hands, he held it in place at three to five degrees right, causing the feedback force to increase as the autopilot tried to bank the other way. The aircraft was subjected to an astonishing 4.7 Gs, far exceeding the design limit load. The A310 division was marketed worldwide with emphasis on its friendly service, comfortable cabins, and experienced pilots, and after flights began in the second half of 1992, the reception was positive. Initially, the autopilot resisted, keeping the plane on course. In an emergency situation, especially when there is confusion and distraction, even the most experienced plots can fall back on previous experience and knowledge. Full power! Yet the boy, who applied much force to make sure that the plane got into his control, disengaged the A310s autopilot control of the aircraft for 30 seconds. Yes, I am, said Makarov, presumably wielding a camera. In a nearly flat attitude and with a descent rate of -13,800 feet per minute, Aeroflot flight 593 slammed into the side of a snow-covered mountain, ripping a terrible swath through the darkened forest. ago Pull out! We deliver hundreds of new memes daily and much more humor anywhere you go. Both pilots started trying to ease the plane out of the dive. On 5 May 2019, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft operating the flight was climbing out when it was struck by lightning. 593 593 1994 323 A310-304 [1] 593 [ ] [2] A310-304 F-OGQS 1739 75 Eldar scrambled out of the captains seat, but in the process he accidentally stepped on the right rudder pedal, sending the plane yawing sharply to the right. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Aircraft From the beginning, the plan was to incorporate the A310s into a special Aeroflot subsidiary which would act as the international face of the airline. Despite managing to level the aircraft, the first officer over-corrected when pulling up, causing the plane tostalland enter into aspin; the pilots managed to level the aircraft off once more, but by then the plane had lost too much altitude to recover and crashed into theKuznetsk Alataumountain range. Im telling you, get out! On 21 October 2016 Skol Airlines Flight 9375 crashed in Yamalo-Nenets on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia Russia. Instead, he simply launched into his demonstration without telling Piskaryov anything. On 23 March 1994, the aircraft operating the route, an Airbus A310-304 flown by Aeroflot, crashed into the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range in Kemerovo Oblast, killing all 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board. #1 Aeroflot Flight 593 Crash Animation + CVR Watch on Crashing an Airbus A310 over Russia | Aeroflot Flight 593 | 4K Watch on What the fuck. The captain was 40-year-old Garry Norman Sotheran, who had 7,765 flight hours, including 273 on the Dash 8. A second, larger indicator light came on to alert the pilots of the complete disengagement, and this time they did notice it. The autopilot then disengaged completely causing the aircraft to roll into a steepbankand a near-verticaldive. Aeroflot Flight 593 - Description of The Accident Description of The Accident The relief pilot, Yaroslav Kudrinsky (Russian: ), was taking his two children on their first international flight, and they were brought to the cockpit while he was on duty. According to Russian aviation regulations, bringing guests into the cockpit of a passenger flight while en route was not, still is not, and never has been permitted. | Aeroflot Flight 593 Mentour Pilot 1.4M subscribers Subscribe 1.6M views 10 months ago Go to https://blinkist.com/mentourpilot for a 7 DAY FREE TRIAL + 25% OFF. All the while, the feedback force on the control column increased until, at 00:55 and 29 seconds, the autopilots lateral channel quietly disconnected. With their control columns positioned a few degrees right of center, and the autopilot no longer compensating, the plane slowly began to bank to the right, initially at a rate of about one degree per second. price over the last 2 weeks) I havent seen the instrument! said Piskaryov. The father gave them the left seat and gave them the false impression that they were controlling the plane. Its turning by itself? Kudrinsky asked. Hold it, hold the column, hold it! Kudrinsky shouted at both Piskaryov and Eldar. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Piskaryov then managed to pull out of the dive, but over-corrected, putting the plane in an almost vertical ascent, again stalling the plane, which fell out of the sky into a corkscrew dive. This triggered a series of events that led to the plane crashing, killing 63 passengers and 12 crew members. There was no survivor in that crash as all the 75 onboard died. DNA: 'Soft corner' for China in Rahul's heart? The professional reputation of the A310 crews, praised so highly by Aviation Week, was left in tatters. Comments. Full power!2336 '''Kudrinsky:''' Got full power, got it2337 '''Piskaryov:''' Full power!2338 '''Kudrinsky:''' Got it 2340 '''Piskaryov:''' Full power!2346 '''Kudrinsky:''' I gave it full power, I gave it2348 '''Piskaryov:''' What's the speed?2350 '''Makarov(? Having been alerted to the issue, however, the pilots failed to follow the principle of aviate, navigate, communicate they tried to figure out why the plane was turning before attempting to stop it. The autopilot, which no longer controlled the ailerons, used its other controls in order to compensate, pitching the nose up and increasing thrust; as a result the plane began tostall; the autopilot, unable to cope, disengaged completely. Although the pilots were able to recover, the aircraft had lost a lot of altitude by the time they had done so. Although it could occasionally present a distraction, giving children a glimpse of the flight deck was not normally a serious safety risk, especially since there was precious little else for pilots to do during level flight in cruise. The A310 cannot turn this steeply while maintaining altitude, and the plane started to descend quickly. This design feature was not intended to be used in normal flight. The cockpit voice recorder revealed that the pilot's 15-year-old son, Eldar Kudrinsky, was initially at the controls when the incident began . Permitting them to take control was against the rules. Within seconds, they had decelerated to just 99 knots, far too slowly to maintain flight. Although some accounts insinuate that Kudrinsky was trying to give her a convincing illusion of control, it appears his actions were merely demonstrative, as he explained what he was doing throughout the maneuver. The pilots were trained to fly Russian-designed planes and this was unfortunately not a Russian-designed one. Unfortunately, there is also evidence that if the pilots had left the controls to the autopilot instead of manually adjusting, the situation would have been recovered. The Russian commission investigating the crash in Siberia has yet to announce its official findings, but it did say Saturday that tapes from the plane's "black box" recorder show that guests were. This article is written without reference to and supersedes the original. Ljudupptagningen frn flygplanets frarkabin visade att kaptenens 15-rige son Eldar Kudrinskij delvis orsakade haveriet genom att omedvetet koppla ur autopiloten under flygningen. The aircraft involved in the accident was a leased Airbus A310-304, registered as F-OGQS, serial number 596 and was powered by two General Electric CF6-80C2A2 engines. In 1992, Russian flag carrier Aeroflot opened itself to the world with a fleet of newly purchased Airbus A310s, its first Western aircraft and the centerpiece of its effort to position itself as a modern airline and Russia as a modern country. Unsure why the plane wasnt reacting, Piskaryov turned back to the right to gauge the response. Aprs enqute, deux raisons principales sont voques pour expliquer cet accident : en premier, la commande de puissance du . Then, it seems, he got another dubious idea: Hey Yana, are you going to fly it? he said. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a regular passenger flight from Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia, to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong. Hold the control column2275 '''Makarov:''' The speed 2276 '''Piskaryov:''' The other way!2277 '''Kudrinsky:''' To the left! You see were in danger, dont you? But the G-forces were pressing him down into his seat so hard that he would have felt five times his normal weight. It's a great supplement to this post. He might therefore have been unaware that it was the autopilot which was trying to turn back to the left, and not Eldar. Mauganj As 53rd District Is BJP's Next Poll Bet With Eye On Vindhya Region, Calcutta High Court Clears Way For ED To Take Anubrata Mondal To Delhi, Excise Policy Case: CBI Confronts Sisodia With Ex-Bureaucrats During Grilling, GG-W: 64-9 (15.1) | MI-W vs GG-W, WPL 2023 Cricket Live Score & Updates, NCP Keeps Cards Close To Its Chest In Meghalaya Ahead Of Govt Formation, Need For 'New Engine' As Corruption Doubles In 'Double-Engine' Govt: Kejriwal, Disha Patani Grabs Eyeballs In Vintage Cat Woman Look: PICS, 'Islamabad Has Unique Distinction For Hosting': India Slams Pak At UNHRC, Jacqueline Fernandez STUNS In Glam Avatar, Looks Breathtaking Beautiful In New Song 'Deewaane', Happy Birthday Natasa Stankovic: 5 Times Hardik Pandya's Lovely Wife Bowled Over Fans With Hotness - In Pics. There are 283 days left in the year. A flight attendant died trying to help passengers escape the burning Aeroflot plane that was forced to make an emergency landing Sunday, Russian state media has reported. But what could be done to prevent otherwise competent pilots from making such gross errors of judgment? And we grieve for their mother left at home in Moscow to learn that her whole family had been lost, dashed against a mountain in Siberia not due to a sudden mechanical failure or a terrorists bomb, but because of the peculiar blindness of a father left alone with his children. This was probably because they believed the autopilot was engaged, and did not think the autopilot could do anything dangerous to the flight path, reducing their sense of urgency. The autopilots still-active vertical channel, which had been set to hold an altitude of 10,100 meters, reacted by pitching the nose up and increasing engine thrust. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a Moscow - Hong Kong passenger service operated by Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines, flown with an Airbus A310-300, that crashed into a hillside of the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, on 23 March 1994. Aside from the emergency operations, which were effective, the official response to the crash was chaotic and disorganized. The airplanes structure began to warp under the immense strain. In the end, the MAK could not deny the obvious. To recover from the stall, an automatic system lowered the nose and put the plane into anosedive. Investigators took far more issue with Kudrinskys failure to mitigate the risk he was taking. The g-forces increase, making it difficult for Kudrinsky to return to his seat. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. If they had, then the outcome might have been very different. International Women's Day 2023: 3 Investment Options You Can Consider, Travelling to Thailand? In 1992, the special brand was allegedly launched under the name Russian Airlines, while Aeroflot as a whole was rebranded as Aeroflot Russian International Airlines, or ARIA a change meant to emphasize the airlines new role as a flag carrier, although ultimately the branding would not stick, as Aeroflot turned inward once more in the 2000s. uselessartist 17 min. The pilot when realized that the plane had lost control, overcorrected it. In the former Soviet Union, however, it was a revolutionary technological leap. Nevertheless, we are drawn to this story of a proud father showing off his plane to his eager children, because it is deeply relatable. Pilot's CHILDREN in Control! The 15-year-old Eldar was even more enthusiastic about the airplane than his sister, and Makarov, who was standing in the back of the cockpit, joked, Lets get a picture of the pilot!. 0 . Events first began to drift away from the ordinary at 17:40, or 00:40 local time in Novokuznetsk, when relief Captain Kudrinsky opened the cockpit to some very important guests his children. This training made no mention of the fact that the autopilot could partially disconnect, nor was this clearly explained in the flight crew operations manual. Turning to Eldar, he shouted, Turn the other way! Aeroflot Flight 593 was an accident on March 23, 1994 in which a RAL Russian Air Lines Airbus A310-304 passenger airliner, registration F-OGQS, operating on behalf of Aeroflot, crashed into a hillside in Siberia. As the flight path depiction on the screen changed to show a 180-degree turn, the pilots failed to notice warning lights and became confused. ''2319 '''Kudrinsky:''' Eldar, get out! Maksim Moiseev tried to . 8,101 points 853 comments - Your daily dose of funny memes, reaction meme pictures, GIFs and videos. As Eldar manipulated the controls, he and Piskaryov inadvertently applied enough force to disengage the lateral channel of the autopilot. All 44 souls on board were killed, including the four hijackers. After taking his seat back, Kudrinsky did a decent job recovering from the stall-spin, but he pulled out too aggressively, causing their speed to drop until an errant rudder input sent the plane into a second spin even worse than the first one. The aircraft, registration ZK-NEY, a de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8, was manufactured in Canada in 1986. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a passenger flight from Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia, to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong. The New York Timessaid that "A transcript of the tape printed in the magazine Obozrevatel shows that the Russian crew nearly managed to save the Airbus plane and the 75 people on board, but that it was hampered by the presence of children and its unfamiliarity with the foreign-made plane." The pilot's seat was soon occupied by Eldar Kudrinsky, pilot's son and he was able to contradict the autopilot for 30 seconds unlike her sister after applying enough force to the control column. But if Piskaryov wanted to push the controls forward to level off, he might have been unable to do so the diminutive copilot topped out at just 160cm (53), and his seat was pushed all the way back to the stop. Aeroflot Flight 593 was a Moscow-Hong Kong passenger service operated by Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines, flown with an Airbus A310-300, that crashed into a hillside of the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, on 23 March 1994. Eldar immediately placed his hands on the control column. The relief pilot had two children (a boy aged 16 and a girl aged 12), and both of them were flying with him inside the cockpit! The pilots repeated unsuccessful attempts to regain control highlighted the importance of upset and recovery training, which teaches pilots to fly out of unusual aircraft attitudes. The state-run flag carrier Aeroflot, which had once owned and operated every civilian airplane in the USSR, was broken up into its constituent parts and sold off to private owners, leaving only a core fleet of long-haul aircraft flying mainly international routes. Airbus had evidently not considered the possibility that pilots could inadvertently disengage one channel but not the other, or assumed that it would not be a big deal if they did an assumption which should have been proved wrong clear back in 1972, when Eastern Airlines flight 401 descended into the Florida Everglades after the pilots accidentally disengaged the vertical channel of the autopilot on their Lockheed L-1011 while attempting to fix a broken lightbulb. $158. Given time, Kudrinsky might have noticed the problem and told Eldar to either let go or turn the other way, but at that moment Yana started plying him with questions again, so he turned his attention to his daughter. The decision to let Yana and Eldar sit in his seat was obviously reckless, though again, he was not the first to do it, and nothing bad had ever happened in the past. DNA: Why has Congress become 'extinct' in the Northeast? ''2291 '''Piskaryov:''' Turn right. Accident statistics during the 1990s showed that the answer was no. Full power! They were successful, but overcompensated and the aircraft stalled again. With the wings unable to maintain lift at such a high bank angle, the plane began to descend. Furthermore, the disconnection threshold was met when the cumulative force on both control columns reached 1113 kilograms, meaning that Eldar and Piskaryov might each have been applying as little as 56 kilograms of force when the disconnection occurred. Kudrinsky again executed a successful spin recovery, but by the time the maneuver was complete, they had run out of altitude, and the plane struck the ground. 0 references. Because he was fighting Eldar, and because the disrupted airflow over the wings was reducing the effectiveness of the ailerons, his inputs were ineffective, and the plane continued rolling to the right. Being a pilot on Aeroflots international services came with certain benefits which few could afford under the strained economic conditions in Russia in 1994. Although such warnings are ubiquitous today, in 1994 most planes did not have bank angle warnings. When he left his seat, he should have formally handed over control to First Officer Piskaryov and briefed the copilot on what he was going to do, so that he would be prepared to react. In a Russian-designed plane, the alerts are audible, yet the one they were flying gave silent notification. In response to the autopilots inputs, the control column turned to the left beneath Yanas hands, giving her a simulation of what it might feel like to fly the plane. There were 63 passengers and crew members on board. For me, it's JAL123. Published Feb 6, 2022. The relief pilot Yaroslav Vladimirovich Kudrinsky's children - his 16-year-old son Eldar and his 12-year-old daughter Yana - were also among the passengers. Yana and Eldar are buried there too, side by side with a single headstone, on which their likenesses are carved above an image of a rose. Seconds later, however, Kudrinsky switched the autopilot to HDG/SEL mode and used the heading knob to enter a leftward heading, causing the autopilot to turn the plane to the left in line with Eldars inputs.

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